Engineering applies math and physics to design physical systems: machines, structures, circuits, energy and materials. Computer science focuses on software, algorithms and computation. Engineering usually has a heavier, more fixed course load and, in some fields, a path to a professional license; computer science is more flexible and centered on code. Computer engineering sits between them, so if you love both hardware and software, look at it closely.
Coursework at a glance
- Engineering: calculus through differential equations, physics, chemistry, statics, circuits and programming in the first years, then a branch such as mechanical, civil, electrical, chemical or biomedical, ending with a team design project.
- Computer science: programming, data structures, algorithms, discrete math and calculus, then systems, theory and electives such as artificial intelligence, databases or security. More room for electives and minors.
Engineering programs often admit you directly into a sequence, and falling behind can delay graduation. CS usually has more flexibility in timing.
The skills you develop
As an engineering student
Applying physics to real constraints, modeling and testing designs, working in teams on long projects, documenting your work and thinking about safety, cost and failure.
As a computer science student
Breaking problems into logic, writing and testing code, designing efficient systems and learning new tools fast. Software changes quickly, so learning how to learn matters.
One honest difference: engineering problems usually live in the physical world, with tolerances, materials and safety margins, and a mistake can be expensive to fix. Software problems can be changed and redeployed quickly, which makes the work faster paced but also means constant updating. Some students love the weight and permanence of physical design; others love how fast they can see code come to life. Noticing which pull is stronger for you is a good place to start.
Where the majors lead
- Engineering: design, testing, manufacturing, construction, energy and research roles. See what you can do with an engineering degree and the guides to becoming a mechanical engineer, civil engineer or electrical engineer.
- Computer science: software, web, data and security roles. See what you can do with a computer science degree and how to become a software developer.
- Overlap: embedded systems, robotics and many engineering jobs that involve heavy programming. Engineers who code well are in a strong position.
For current outlook, see the Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook.
Licensing and grad school
Engineering has a professional license path: many graduates of accredited programs take the Fundamentals of Engineering exam near graduation, then, after supervised work experience, the Principles and Practice of Engineering exam to become a licensed professional engineer. A license matters most in civil engineering and in roles that sign off on public projects; requirements vary by state. Software roles do not usually require a license. In both fields a bachelor’s is enough to start, a master’s can help with specialized work, and a doctorate is mainly for research. See should I go to grad school?
How to decide and test both
- Take intro programming and an intro engineering or physics course in your first year.
- Build something physical, like a robot kit or a woodworking or electronics project, and something digital, like a small app. Notice which you keep tinkering with.
- Join a design team or a coding club; both welcome beginners.
- Do informational interviews with an engineer and a software developer about a normal week.
- Check your college’s rules for switching; moving from engineering to CS is often easier than the reverse.
Double major, minor or neither
A double major in engineering and CS is very heavy. More common choices are a CS minor for an engineering student, a computer engineering major, or a math minor for a CS student. Compare options in double major vs minor and see what you can do with a math degree.
Where a mentor helps
A mentor helps you test both fields, keep up with a demanding course sequence, plan internships and projects, and stay accountable through the job search. Mentors are not admissions counselors or credentialed career counselors; they help you do the research and the work yourself. See mentoring for college students and career and education mentoring.
Related
- Computer science vs information technology
- Careers for people who like math
- Careers for people who like to build things
- How to choose a major
Common questions
Is engineering harder than computer science?
Engineering typically has more required math, physics and lab work with less flexibility. CS can be just as hard in theory and programming.
What is computer engineering?
It combines electrical engineering and computer science, covering hardware, circuits and software, and suits students who like both.
Do software engineers need a PE license?
Generally no. The license matters mostly for engineers whose work affects public safety, such as civil projects.
Can I switch from engineering to CS?
Often yes, since early math and programming overlap. Check with an advisor about timing and requirements.
Get started
Deciding between engineering and computer science and want a plan? Call (888) 305 5422, email contact@blackburnmentoring.com or start with a short assessment. A member of our team reviews every assessment personally and sets up a free intro call.